The Great Commissions: Matthew

Matthew is not the only one who records Jesus teaching and commissioning His disciples after the resurrection. In addition to the Matthean Commission there are two Lukan Commissions and one Johannine Commission (there’s also a Markan Commission but it is in a disputed text). Jesus spent forty days after His resurrection teaching His disciples about the mission He was sending them to do.

In this series of posts I want to look at each of these Great Commission texts to mine them for insights into the mission that Jesus gives to us to complete.

Matthew 28:16-20

Matthew is a good place to start since Matthew is the first Gospel in our New Testament. However, that doesn’t mean that the Matthean Commission happened first. In reading through these various commissionings of Jesus, it’s clear that Jesus spent the forty days between His resurrection and ascension “commissioning” and teaching, and training His disciples on a number of matters. He spent time teaching them and explaining to them their task. Since Jesus spent a lot of time with His disciples, the chronology of these Great Commission passages aren’t as important, though I do hope to share a bit of context for each one as this series unfolds.

So let’s take a look at what Matthew records starting at verse 16:

The 11 disciples traveled to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had directed them. When they saw Him, they worshiped, but some doubted. Then Jesus came near and said to them, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe everything I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

Context: On the mountain in Galilee. It says that when the disciples first saw Him in Galilee, they worshiped, “but some doubted”. These first words of Jesus upon seeing the disciples in Galilee were meant to establish His identity and allay their doubts. Jesus had spent His entire ministry making disciples and now He is telling those disciples to carry on the task. Note that this is not the first time they’ve seen Jesus alive, but they still have doubts.

Here are a few insights from this passage:

  • This commission is not a suggestion or  wishful thinking. Jesus says, “All authority has been given to Me on heaven and on earth.” In other words: take note of what I’m about to tell you to do and then do it!
  • Jesus tells them: “[As you are going], make disciples of all nations…” This is to be a way of life and it’s a global mission.
  • Two essential elements of the ‘making disciples of all nations’ process is to baptize and to teach.
  • Baptism is done in the name of the Trinitarian God. Belief in God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit is not optional for a child of God.
  • “Teaching them to observe everything I have commanded you.” This is a perpetual commissioning because this includes the Great Commandments (love God and love your neighbor as yourself) and the Great Commission. If they don’t make disciples then they are disobeying Jesus’ commands and the church is never established.
  • Jesus will always be with us. This is a relationship-oriented, not a task-oriented, mission. We have a relationship with Jesus and Jesus is asking us to do something similar to the relationship building that He did with His disciples (the 12 AND all the other disciples).

Conclusions: When we engage in disciple making, we must realize that we have not made a disciple if they are not trained or are unwilling to make disciples themselves. The Great Commission passages are about reaching the nations through baptism, teaching, and multiplication. If we aren’t engaged in these sorts of activities then we are not obedient to Jesus’ primary will for His followers to fulfill the Great Commission. If we are engaged in activities that don’t result in baptism, teaching, and multiplication of disciples then we need to rethink our activities and maybe loosen up our schedule. Thankfully, Jesus provides a model for making disciples and we have God’s Word, and God’s Spirit to guide us. So get started!

What insights have you gleaned about the mission Jesus has called us to from Matthew 28:18-20?

Disciples of Jesus Multiply

Sadly, there are a lot churches that are really good at addition, subtraction and division, but not multiplication.

It’s easy to settle for addition, because at least it is positive growth. Addition is safe. Addition is comfortable. But addition is often the result of a lack of vision and mission. Church leaders get bogged down in caring for the urgent and the existing members are happy because the attention is all on them. Sometimes people move into the area and just naturally look for a church. Put out a sign and we can probably grow through addition.

However, addition is just a step away from subtraction. People start to withdraw from the church when the church has no purpose. I bet more people leave the church out of boredom than from being called to fulfill the Great Commission.

Let’s not even talk about division…

Multiplication requires vision and leadership. Multiplication requires sacrifice and commitment. Multiplication is what disciples of Jesus are doing. Multiplication takes much prayer and a lot of hard work. Multiplication requires evangelism and a passion for making disciples. Bill Hull says,

If the church fails to make disciples, it fails to multiply. If the church fails to multiply, it fails.

We all know that division is failure, but so is subtraction and addition. Multiplication brings glory to God. It is what we are commissioned to do. If it’s division, subtraction, or addition, it may or may not be from God, but if it’s multiplication and it brings Him glory, there’s no doubt it’s of Him!

My Father is glorified by this: that you produce much fruit and prove to be My disciples. (John 15:8 HCSB)

JD Payne in New England

Today I was a part of a training event for church planters hosted by the Baptist Convention of New England. The guest speaker was JD Payne, author of “Discovering Church Planting: An Introduction to the Whats, Whys, and Hows of Global Church Planting” (Affiliate Link). Everyone in attendance received a copy of the book so I’m sure I’ll be reviewing it here at ChurchETHOS soon.

JD Payne is a national missionary with the North American Mission Board and is an Associate Professor of Church Planting and Evangelism at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, KY where he also directs their church planting center. He has written two other books and is the founder of northamericanmissions.org.

Here are a couple of insights from JD Payne’s research and missiology from today’s talks (and also from some blog posts and other data I’ve gotten from him in months past):

There are 29 metro areas in the US with fewer than 5% of the population who are evangelical.

When I looked through this data, I discovered that 11 of the 29 metro areas are in New England and I’m living in one of them! Here are some more nuggets:

The way we are planting churches in North America must change. There are 4 billion people around the world who are not following Jesus and 2 billion who have never even heard of him. Our methods need to change if we are going to reach them with the gospel.

Payne’s definition of church planting: evangelism that results in new churches. Question: can you plant a church without evangelism?

If you have a shaky theology then your missiology will be shaky, if your missiology is shaky then your missional practices will be on shaky ground. Our theology informs our missiology informs how we do mission.

Suggested ethical guideline for church planting practices: Since the global need for the gospel is so great, unless God reveals otherwise, we will begin our ministry among people with the greatest need and with a high level of receptivity to the gospel.

Another suggested ethical guideline: Since the world consists of four billion unbelievers, with two billion who have never heard the gospel, our strategy will involve the use of highly reproducible church planting methods.

I couldn’t agree more with JD about these guidelines and some of the thoughts he conveyed at our meeting. I will be sharing more of his insights and my responses in the weeks ahead, but for now I thought I would share some of the highlights!

What are your thoughts to some of his research and insights about church planting in North America?

Embodying Our Faith by Tim Morey

Embodying Our Faith:
Becoming a Living, Sharing, Practicing Church

by: Tim Morey

Paperback: IVP Books, 2010.
Buy now:  [ Amazon Affiliate Link ]

Tim Morey (D.Min., Fuller Theological Seminary) is a church planter and pastor. His church, Life Covenant Church is located in Torrance, California. He is also on the national church planting team for the Evangelical Covenant Church and is an adjunct professor teaching practical theology at Talbot School of Theology.

Tim Morey asks the following question in his introduction to “Embodying Our Faith”:

“How do we bring the message of Jesus to a culture that is deeply skeptical about truth claims, rejects metanarratives (such as the gospel), considers the church a suspect institution, takes offense at moral judgments and believes any religion will lead them to God?”

When put that way, our task seems a bit overwhelming. However, Morey does a great job of developing a philosophy of church planting for those of us who are church planters while simultaneously making evangelism in a postmodern context a simpler concept to understand. This book is a must read for church planters but it’s also a must read for anyone in the church who seeks to understand how God is moving in our post-Christian, postmodern culture of relativism and how we can join Him in showing love to our neighbors.

Embodied Apologetics

At the root of this book is the concept of “embodied apologetics”. He writes

By this I mean an apologetic that is based more on the weight of our actions than the strength of our arguments.

I underlined this sentence 12 times in my copy of Morey’s book. He’s not saying that we abandon our logical understanding of Truth. In my head I envision a person standing on two feet. One foot represents logical arguments for the gospel. The other foot represents our experience of the gospel. In today’s society, I believe Morey is suggesting that the weight is shifting from one foot to the other; from the logical foot, to the experiential foot. However, we still stand on both feet. Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father but through Me.” We need to maintain our understanding of the truth but realize that many people need to see our faith in action before they will ever consider the truth. Morey spends a lot more time explaining an embodied apologetic than most others who have talked about the concept and I appreciate his ability to take an abstract concept and make it concrete.

More from Morey concerning an embodied apologetic:

The Christian life is not meant to be an objective pursuit of orthodox doctrine but is embodied in those who follow a Person rather than a dogma.

Seldom do you find [in the book of Acts] a proclamation of the gospel without an accompanying experience of the gospel.

Contextualization

From describing an embodied apologetic, Morey then turns to contextualization in the chapter entitled, “Same Wine, Different Skin”. Again, he is able to succinctly describe a vision for the present about how we should contextualize the gospel. Morey wants the church to start being on mission. As church members, we are missionaries in our own neighborhood. He writes:

The task of every missionary is to understand the culture to be reached and to bring the undiluted gospel to that culture in a form that will be understandable to the hearers. This process is known as contextualization.

His point is that we shouldn’t think that this process is only for the missionary in Japan who wears a kimono or the missionary in Ecuador who learns to speak Spanish. In our own communities, we need to begin to grasp the “language” of our neighbors and begin to think more missionally about how to share our lives with them. He quotes Eddie Gibbs:

The contextualized church “represents a serious attempt to engage with the cultural setting in which the local church is endeavoring to bear witness,” whereas the market-driven church “signifies a church that tailors its message and employs any gimmick in order to attract a crowd.”

Clearly, Morey believes we should be more relationship-driven and he calls this “the contextualized church”.

Disciplemaking

Evangelizing baby boomers is like picking fruit from an aging tree, while evangelizing postmoderns is like fertilizing the roots in hope that fruit will one day appear.

Agree? Disagree? In chapters 3 and 4, Morey talks about what it means to make disciples in a postmodern context. In Morey’s mind, we shouldn’t be separating evangelism from discipleship. Jesus didn’t seem to reserve spiritual practices only for those who were “members”. Here’s what Morey says:

Jesus seemed largely unconcerned with who was in and who was out (“You do not want to leave too, do you?” [Jn 6:67]), but simply called all to follow regardless of where they were at in the process, always inviting them to go deeper.

In other words, Morey believes that we are seeing a shift in how people come to Jesus and it may not be a one time event…it might be a process. He describes several shifts for us to consider today:

  • Evangelism as an event to evangelism as a process
  • Impersonal evangelism to personal evangelism
  • Rational apologetics to an embodied apologetic

Too often we present the gospel as a set of truths we must subscribe to, as opposed to a relationship with Jesus.

Elements of an Embodied Apologetic

Throughout the book, Morey is developing a way of thinking about the needs of our postmodern neighbors and how the church naturally meets those needs through an embodied apologetic.

An embodied apologetic must be experiential. Our worship gatherings are, by nature, experiential. Especially when we include elements of communion, prayer, silence,  music, food, Psalms, ancient writings, story, giving, art, meditation, preaching, teaching, and benediction as Morey suggests. This experiential worship resonates with postmoderns who have a need for transcendence.

An embodied apologetic must be communal. This happens through our small groups, hospitality in our homes, mentoring, accountability, confession, etc. These practices really meet the needs of postmoderns who are longing for authentic community.

Finally, an embodied apologetic must be enacted. The church should be active in compassion and justice both locally and globally. This meets the needs of postmoderns who are trying to find their purpose.

These three elements of an embodied apologetic – experiential faith, communal faith, and enacted faith – are the subject of the final three chapters of the book. These last three chapters are extremely practical and helpful. Notice also that all three of these expressions of our faith are extremely natural and Biblical. They may not be easy, but this is the essence of how God wants us to live. There is nothing new about the gospel or even about how to share the gospel, Morey simply does a good job of matching the needs of our postmodern neighbors to the fulfillment of those needs in Jesus as we live, share, and practice our faith in front of others.

Free TNIV Renaissance Fine Leather Bible from ChurchETHOS

This giveaway has already been given away. Look for more opportunities to get free books from ChurchETHOS in the future. Meanwhile, join the conversation! It’s fun!

________________

Thanks to everyone who reads my blog and takes the time to share in the conversation!

To show my appreciation, I’m giving away a free Bible to one random ChurchETHOS reader.

The Bible I am giving away is the TNIV Reference Bible from Zondervan. It is the Renaissance Fine Leather edition and is sold for $99.99. In order to qualify, please do the following:

1. Share this post with others on twitter or facebook (use the buttons below the post).

2. Share your favorite Bible verse in the comment section. Or, if you don’t have a Bible, please let me know why you want a copy!

3. Fill out the special contact form that I’ve created to get your mailing address. Sorry, I can only send U.S. on this one!

The chance to get this copy of the TNIV will be over on March 24th at 9PM EST. I will then use random.org to select a random winner! Thanks again for reading, commenting, and sharing ChurchETHOS!

The following is from Zondervan:

The complete text of the TNIV–the most readable and scholarly accurate translation available today–in an attractive single-column setting with a full set of cross references. Also includes other convenient study features.

Description:

Perfect for pastors and teachers who have adopted the TNIV translation—it’s just what they requested in a reference Bible: premium leather binding, single column, full references, two ribbon markers, black-letter edition.

The TNIV Reference Bible is the perfect TNIV for a more in-depth study of God’s Word. The TNIV is the newest translation of God’s Word with the most up-to-date scholarship available today, and it is now available in this larger-format, single-column setting.

Because it is easy to read (no study notes or visuals to clutter the page), it is perfect for use anywhere from the college campus to the church auditorium to the airplane seat.

The full set of cross references aid in studying the biblical text from Genesis to Revelation, and a helpful set of bottom-of-the-page topical ties creates a topically oriented study path to expand this Bible’s flexibility. A helpful concordance is also included—a must in any reference Bible. This black-letter edition of the TNIV is the best, most comprehensive reference Bible available today.

You Share Jesus Like A Girl!

My dad, who is a pastor in Alabama, has been doing a lot of thinking about the story of Jesus and the Samaritan Woman. He has been preaching on the topic at his church and has recently started a blog series about his thoughts. I’m looking forward to hearing more from him about this and I thought I’d let you in on the fun!

One of his thoughts in his first post is about how the disciples went into town to get some food but really didn’t want to be in Samaria. They could’ve used the opportunity to give “living water” to the residents there. However, when the woman realized who Jesus was, she went and told the entire town about Him! Dad writes,

I discovered from this biblical passage that I would rather witness like the woman than to witness like the disciples. She went back to the village and said “Come, see a man who told me everything I ever did! Could this be the Messiah? (John 4:28)

When Jesus truly transforms our lives, it’s worth telling people!  I’ll let you read the rest here.

Church Planting is People Planting

There’s a lot of imagery in Jesus’ parables of sowing seeds. We use the same imagery when we talk about “church planting”. The essence of church planting is simply sowing seeds of the gospel into our neighbors lives. This becomes harder and harder for established churches as the outward focus shifts inward.

But that’s okay! The good news is that anyone can be a people planter!

Regardless of whether or not we are starting a brand new church or are a part of an established church we can be involved in people planting. Every church leader can invest in people. Every church member can invest in people too! Another way to say that is, we are all called to obey the Great Commandment and fulfill the Great Commission.

Plant a seed. Pray! Water it. Pray! Watch it mature. Pray! Repeat!!

Our neighbors need to know about the good news and all of us are called to share it with them. People planting is about investing in the lives of our neighbors. We need church planters to be people planters. We need established church leaders to be people planters. We need church members to be people planters.

He is like a tree planted beside streams of water
that bears its fruit in season
and whose leaf does not wither.
Whatever he does prospers.
(Psalm 1:3)

Are you a people planter? Are you equipping others to be people planters?

Marketing Your Church Plant: Biblical Foundations

Does marketing play a role in the Great Commission? Now that we’ve looked at the philosophical foundations for marketing your church plant, it’s time to consider what the Bible has to say on the matter.

But, does the Bible say anything about marketing? After all, modern marketing techniques didn’t exist when the Bible was written. So, maybe we should ask, “Would Jesus create a website? Would Paul? What about a direct mail campaign or creating a logo? Would they have invested money in spreading the Gospel? Or would they just invest time? Is one more holy than another?

Since there were no facebook ad campaigns in Jesus’ day, we first have to ask, “what is accomplished through a marketing campaign?” I’ve come up with a few reasons why we should use modern marketing concepts to help us reach our neighbors.

1. Church Marketing is Creative

Genesis 1:1 says, “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.” As His image-bearers, we are creative creatures. God’s children enjoy using their creative abilities to glorify God and it’s no different for those who are versed in graphic design or are able to create a catchy slogan for an invitation. Just because we aren’t using paint or marble, doesn’t mean we can’t use our creative juices to do our best on a website or a postcard.

This is also an argument for bringing excellence to everything we do whether it’s a bulletin, a website, a banner, or a banner ad, but that’s a different discussion. In short, let’s use our creativity as we reach out to our neighbors!

2. Church Marketing is Proclamation

The purpose of sending a mailer, creating a website, or hanging door hangers is to get the word out. We had a new family come to our church this week just because we have a website. Of course, those are the ones looking for a church, but you never know when someone is going to start looking, right? Would we have reached them eventually? Who knows, but we definitely reached them through our website.

Romans 10:14-15 says, “But how can they call on Him in whom they have not believed? And how can they believe without hearing about Him? And how can they hear without a preacher? And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: How welcome are the feet of those who announce the gospel of good things!”

Do these verses only apply to word of mouth? Or can it refer to sign language, billboards, semaphore, braille, html, and ebonics? Somehow, I get the feeling that we are to use all means at our disposal to reach our neighbors with the gospel! Didn’t Paul say something about that?

Which leads us to the next point…

3. Church Marketing is Contextual

Paul did indeed say that he had become all things to all people that he might by all means save some (1 Corinthians 9:19). Most people in my community work from 7 to 7 so that they can afford the homes they live in. People are more and more anti-social. We want the church to be a communal gathering where we can fellowship but most people don’t know what that’s like.

Modern marketing methods are a form of contextualizing the gospel. My neighbors don’t want to answer the door, but they will watch TV for 3 hours each evening. How will we reach the people who are withdrawn in their own homes, isolated from society except the occasional beer buddy? Well, if they are going to be online, or watching TV, or checking their mail, isn’t it reasonable to find ways to reach them so that we can develop a relationship?

The church should be about relationships, but sometimes people need to be given permission to have relationships. When we use our creativity to love and serve our neighbors, and when we use our creativity to get the word out about what God is doing in our community, we are using contextual methods that work here and now through communication sources that are recognizable and embraced by our neighbors.

4. Church Marketing is Responsible

Church marketing can be creative and contextualized proclamation, but it is also an exercise in stewardship. In “philosophical foundations” I talked about how time and money should both be seen as resources we have been given to use wisely. There are some things that well spent money can accomplish and there are others that can only be accomplished through time. Then there are still other things that use a mixture of both resources. It’s important to note that not all marketing campaigns are a wise investment, but I’m simply making the point that just because it is marketing doesn’t mean it’s not biblical.

In the Parable of the Talents, we see Jesus teaching a spiritual truth using the example of money. The first servant is entrusted with 5 talents and he wisely “puts them to work” and makes 5 more. The second servant is entrusted with 2 talents and he makes 2 more. ”But the man who had received one talent went off, dug a hole in the ground, and hid his master’s money.” (Matthew 25:18)

Want to hear his reasoning? “Then the man who had received one talent also approached and said, ‘Master, I know you. You’re a difficult man, reaping where you haven’t sown and gathering where you haven’t scattered seed. So I was afraid and went off and hid your talent in the ground. Look, you have what is yours.’” (Matthew 25:24-25) This man didn’t take a chance with the money entrusted to him and the master returned and called him evil and lazy and suggested that he should’ve at least put it in the bank so that he could’ve collected interest.

Do we believe that our money and our resources will multiply just like we expect our time to multiply? Good stewardship of time, money, and resources in an effective marketing campaign can be blessed by God and bring glory to Him. This is being responsible with a portion of our resources to announce an event, a Bible study, a sermon series, etc.

5. Church Marketing is Seed Scattering

Jesus also tells the Parable of the Four Seeds. I was always frustrated at the less than economical way that the sower goes out to sow. Why didn’t they just put all the seeds in the good soil? In this parable, really only one fourth of the seeds that were sown were effective. The rest were eaten by birds, scorched by the sun, or trampled under foot. Seriously, was it that hard to keep the seed off the path?

On the other hand, I wonder if part of the imagery is just to get us to sow the gospel as broadly as possible. Jesus taught huge multitudes and from those crowds, some became disciples. Sure, he also focused a lot of energy on His twelve closest followers, but there were hundreds of committed followers because Jesus sowed broadly. People need to hear and it’s not our job to limit that to just the ones we think want to hear. After all, Matthew 9:38 tells us that we are to pray to the Lord of the Harvest to send out workers into “His harvest”. It’s His harvest and we are simply sowing seed. Even the seed that falls on the path, among the thorns, or on rocky ground serves a purpose.

As I consider the seed that fell on good soil, I sometimes wonder what it would be like if the sower had spent all his time checking every inch of ground in advance to make sure it was good soil. Would that have been a better use of his time? I believe this parable is giving us permission to use our resources to rapidly and broadly sow the seed so that all of the good soil is found and all of the bad soil is at least invited.

Do you think that some marketing methods today can be a creative, contextual, and responsible way of announcing and broadcasting the gospel?